Table B-4. Commands and reserved words
|
Command
|
Chapter
|
Type
|
Summary
|
|---|
|
!
|
5
|
R
|
Logical NOT of a command exit status.
|
|
:
|
7
| |
Do nothing
(just do expansions of any arguments).
|
|
.
|
4
| |
Read file and execute its contents in
current shell.
|
|
alias
|
3
| |
Set up shorthand for command or
command line.
|
|
bg
|
8
| |
Put job in background.
|
|
bind
|
2
| |
Bind a key sequence to a
readline function or macro.
|
|
break
|
5
| |
Exit from surrounding for, select,
while, or until loop.
|
|
builtin
|
5
| |
Execute the specified shell built-in.
|
|
case
|
5
|
R
|
Reserved word. Multi-way conditional construct.
|
|
cd
|
1
| |
Change working directory.
|
|
command
|
7
| |
Run a command bypassing shell function
lookup.
|
|
compgen
|
D
| |
Generate possible completion matches.
|
|
complete
|
D
| |
Specify how completion should be
performed.
|
|
continue
| | |
Skip to next iteration of for, select,
while, or until loop.
|
|
declare
|
6
| |
Declare variables and give them
attributes.
|
|
dirs
|
6
| |
Display the list of currently
remembered directories.
|
|
disown
|
8
| |
Remove a job from the job table.
|
|
do
|
5
|
R
|
Part of a for, select, while, or until looping construct.
|
|
done
|
5
|
R
|
Part of a for, select, while, or until looping construct.
|
|
echo
|
4
| |
Expand and print any arguments.
|
|
elif
|
5
|
R
|
Part of an if construct.
|
|
else
|
5
|
R
|
Part of an if construct.
|
|
enable
|
7
| |
Enable and disable built-in shell
commands.
|
|
esac
|
5
|
R
|
Part of a case construct.
|
|
eval
|
7
| |
Run the given arguments through
command-line processing.
|
|
exec
|
9
| |
Replace the shell with the given
program.
|
|
exit
|
5
| |
Exit from the shell.
|
|
export
|
3
| |
Create environment variables.
|
|
fc
|
2
| |
Fix command (edit history file).
|
|
fg
|
8
| |
Put background job in foreground.
|
|
fi
|
5
|
R
|
Part of an if construct.
|
|
for
|
5
|
R
|
Looping construct.
|
|
function
|
4
|
R
|
Define a function.
|
|
getopts
|
6
| |
Process command-line options.
|
|
hash
|
3
| |
Full pathnames are determined and
remembered.
|
|
help
|
1
| |
Display helpful information on
built-in commands.
|
|
history
|
1
| |
Display
command history.
|
|
if
|
5
|
R
|
Conditional construct.
|
|
in
|
5
|
R
|
Part of a case construct.
|
|
jobs
|
1
| |
List any background jobs.
|
|
kill
|
8
| |
Send a signal to a process.
|
|
let
|
6
| |
Arithmetic variable assignment.
|
|
local
|
4
| |
Create a local variable.
|
|
logout
|
1
| |
Exits a login shell.
|
|
popd
|
4
| |
Removes a directory from the directory
stack.
|
|
pushd
|
4
| |
Adds a directory to the directory
stack.
|
|
pwd
|
1
| |
Print the working directory.
|
|
read
|
7
| |
Read a line from standard input.
|
|
readonly
|
6
| |
Make variables read-only
(unassignable).
|
|
return
|
5
| |
Return from the surrounding function
or script.
|
|
select
|
5
|
R
|
Menu-generation construct.
|
|
set
|
3
| |
Set options.
|
|
shift
|
6
| |
Shift command-line arguments.
|
|
suspend
| | |
Suspend execution of a shell.
|
|
test
|
5
| |
Evaluates a conditional expression.
|
|
then
|
5
|
R
|
Part of an if construct.
|
|
time
| |
R
|
Run command pipeline and print execution times. The format of the
output can be controlled with TIMEFORMAT.
|
|
times
| | |
Print the accumulated user and system
times for processes run from the shell.
|
|
trap
|
8
| |
Set up a signal-catching routine.
|
|
type
|
3
| |
Identify the source of a command.
|
|
typeset
|
6
| |
Declare variables and give them
attributes. Same as declare.
|
|
ulimit
|
10
| |
Set/show process resource limits.
|
|
umask
|
10
| |
Set/show file permission mask.
|
|
unalias
|
3
| |
Remove alias definitions.
|
|
unset
|
3
| |
Remove definitions of variables or
functions.
|
|
until
|
5
|
R
|
Looping construct.
|
|
wait
|
8
| |
Wait for background job(s) to finish.
|
|
while
|
5
|
R
|
Looping construct.
|
