Contents

Title and Copyright Information

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Preface

Audience

Organization

Related Documentation

Conventions

Documentation Accessibility

What's New in Backup and Recovery?

Oracle Database Release 10g New Features in Backup and Recovery

Part I Recovery Manager Advanced Architecture and Concepts

1 Recovery Manager Architecture

About the RMAN Environment

RMAN Session Architecture

RMAN Command Line Client

How RMAN Compiles and Executes Commands

Issuing RMAN Commands

RMAN Pipe Interface

RMAN Repository

Storage of the RMAN Repository in the Recovery Catalog

Storage of the RMAN Repository in the Control File

Media Management

Performing Backup and Restore with a Media Manager

Backup Solutions Program

2 RMAN Backups Concepts

About RMAN Channels

Automatic and Manual Channel Allocation

Automatic Channel Device Configuration and Parallelism

Automatic Channel Default Device Types

Automatic Channel Naming Conventions

Automatic Channel Generic Configurations

Automatic Channel-Specific Configurations

Clearing Automatic Channel Settings

Determining Channel Parallelism to Match Hardware Devices

Channel Control Options for Manual and Automatic Channels

Channel Failover

About RMAN Backups

About Image Copies

About Proxy Copies

Storage of Backups on Disk and Tape

Backups of Archived Logs

Multiplexed Backup Sets

Multiplexing by the Media Manager

Manual Parallelization of Backups

Multiple Copies of RMAN Backups

Duplexed Backup Sets

Backups of Backup Sets

Backups of Image Copies

RMAN Backup Options: Naming, Sizing, and Speed

Filenames for Backup Pieces

Filenames for Image Copies

Tags for RMAN Backups

Size of Backup Pieces

Number and Size of Backup Sets

I/O Read Rate of Backups

RMAN Backup Types

Incremental Backups

Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups

How RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups

When RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups

Backup Retention Policies

Recovery Window

Backup Redundancy

Batch Deletes of Obsolete Backups

Exempting Backups from the Retention Policy

Relationship Between Retention Policy and Flash Recovery Area Rules

Backup Optimization

Backup Optimization Algorithm

Requirements for Enabling and Disabling Backup Optimization

Effect of Retention Policies on Backup Optimization

Restartable Backups

Managing Backup Windows and Performance: BACKUP... DURATION

Controlling RMAN Behavior when Backup Window Ends with PARTIAL

Managing Backup Performance with MINIMIZE TIME and MINIMIZE LOAD

RMAN Backup Errors

Tests and Integrity Checks for Backups

Detecting Physical and Logical Block Corruption

Detection of Logical Block Corruption

Detection of Fractured Blocks During Open Backups

Backup Validation with RMAN

3 RMAN Recovery Concepts

Restoring Files with RMAN

Mechanics of Restore Operations

File Selection in Restore Operations

Restore Failover

Restore Optimization

Datafile Media Recovery with RMAN

RMAN Media Recovery: Basic Steps

Mechanics of Recovery: Incremental Backups and Redo Logs

Incomplete Recovery

Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Block Media Recovery with RMAN

When Block Media Recovery Should Be Used

Block Media Recovery When Redo Is Missing

Database Duplication with RMAN

Physical Standby Database Creation with RMAN

4 RMAN Maintenance Concepts

RMAN Reporting

Using the RMAN LIST Command

RMAN Reports

SHOW Command Output

Crosschecks of RMAN Backups

Monitoring RMAN Through V$ Views

Correlating Server Sessions with RMAN Channels

Monitoring RMAN Job Progress

Monitoring RMAN Interaction with the Media Manager

Monitoring RMAN Job Performance

Determining Which Datafiles Require Recovery

Deletion of RMAN Backups

Summary of RMAN Deletion Methods

Removal of Backups with the DELETE Command

Behavior of DELETE Command When the Repository and Media Do Not Correspond

Removal of Backups with the BACKUP ... DELETE INPUT Command

CHANGE AVAILABLE and CHANGE UNAVAILABLE with RMAN Backups

Changing Retention Policy Status of RMAN Backups

Part II Performing Advanced RMAN Backup and Recovery

5 Connecting to Databases with RMAN

Starting RMAN Without Connecting to a Database

Connecting to a Target Database and a Recovery Catalog

Connecting to the Target Database and Recovery Catalog from the Command Line

Connecting to the Target Database and Recovery Catalog from the RMAN Prompt

Connecting to an Auxiliary Database

Connecting to an Auxiliary Database from the Command Line

Connecting to an Auxiliary Database from the RMAN Prompt

Diagnosing Connection Problems

Diagnosing Target and Auxiliary Database Connection Problems

Diagnosing Recovery Catalog Connection Problems

Hiding Passwords When Connecting to Databases

Sending RMAN Output Simultaneously to the Terminal and a Log File

Executing RMAN Commands Through a Pipe

Executing Multiple RMAN Commands In Succession Through a Pipe: Example

Executing RMAN Commands In a Single Job Through a Pipe: Example

6 Configuring the RMAN Environment: Advanced Topics

Configuring the Flash Recovery Area: Advanced Topics

Configuring Online Redo Log Creation in the Flash Recovery Area

Configuring Control File Creation in the Flash Recovery Area

Archived Redo Log Creation in the Flash Recovery Area

RMAN File Creation in the Flash Recovery Area

Configuring RMAN to Make Backups to a Media Manager

Prerequisites for Using a Media Manager with RMAN

Locating the Media Management Library: The SBT_LIBRARY Parameter

Testing Whether the Media Manager Library Is Integrated Correctly

Configuring Automatic Channels for Use with a Media Manager

Configuring Automatic Channels

Configuring Parallelism for Automatic Channels

Configuring a Generic Automatic Channel for a Device Type

Showing the Automatic Channel Configuration Settings

Configuring a Specific Channel for a Device Type

Clearing Channel and Device Settings

Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Sets and Pieces

Configuring Backup Optimization

Configuring Backup Duplexing: CONFIGURE... BACKUP COPIES

Configuring Tablespaces for Exclusion from Whole Database Backups

Configuring Auxiliary Instance Datafile Names: CONFIGURE AUXNAME

Setting the Snapshot Control File Location

Default Location of the Snapshot Control File

Viewing the Configured Location of the Snapshot Control File

Setting the Location of the Snapshot Control File

Showing the Current Snapshot Control File Name

Setting Up RMAN for Use with a Shared Server

7 Making Backups with RMAN: Advanced Topics

Configuring and Allocating Channels for Use in Backups

Configuring the Default Backup Type for Disk

Duplexing Backup Sets

Duplexing Backup Sets with CONFIGURE BACKUP COPIES

Duplexing Backupsets with BACKUP... COPIES

Making Split Mirror Backups with RMAN

Backing Up Backup Sets with RMAN

Backing Up Image Copies with RMAN

Restarting and Optimizing RMAN Backups

Backing Up Files Using Backup Optimization

Restarting a Backup After It Partially Completes

Validating Backups with RMAN

RMAN Backup Examples

Specifying the Device Type on the BACKUP Command: Example

Skipping Tablespaces when Backing Up a Database: Example

Restarting a Backup: Example

Spreading a Backup Across Multiple Disk Drives: Example

Backing Up a Large Database to Multiple File Systems: Example

Specifying the Size of Backup Sets: Example

Limiting the Size of Backup Pieces: Example

Backing Up Archived Redo Logs in a Failover Scenario: Example

Backing Up Archived Logs Needed to Recover an Online Backup: Example

Backing Up and Deleting Multiple Copies of an Archived Redo Log: Example

Performing Differential Incremental Backups: Example

Performing Cumulative Incremental Backups: Example

Determining How Channels Distribute a Backup Workload: Example

Backing Up in NOARCHIVELOG Mode: Example

Cataloging User-Managed Datafile Copies: Example

Keeping a Long-Term Backup: Example

Optimizing Backups: Examples

Handling Errors During Backups: Example

8 Advanced RMAN Recovery Techniques

Performing Database Point-In-Time Recovery

Performing Point-in-Time Recovery with a Current Control File

Point-in-Time Recovery to a Previous Incarnation

Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File

Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File and a Recovery Catalog

Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File and No Recovery Catalog

Restoring the Database to a New Host

Specifying Filenames When Restoring to a New Host

Determining the SCN for Incomplete Recovery After Restore

Testing the Restore of a Database to a New Host: Scenario

Performing Disaster Recovery

Performing Block Media Recovery with RMAN

Recovering Datablocks By Using All Available Backups

Recovering Datablocks By Using Selected Backups

Recovering Blocks Listed in V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION

RMAN Restore and Recovery Examples

Restoring Datafile Copies to a New Host: Example

Restoring When Multiple Databases in the Catalog Share the Same Name: Example

Recovering a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode: Example

Recovering a Lost Datafile Without a Backup: Example

Transporting a Tablespace to a Different Database on the Same Platform: Example

9 Flashback Technology: Recovering from Logical Corruptions

Oracle Flashback Technology: Overview

Oracle Flashback Query: Recovering at the Row Level

Oracle Flashback Table: Returning Individual Tables to Past States

Oracle Flashback Drop: Undo a DROP TABLE Operation

What is the Recycle Bin?

How Tables and Other Objects Are Placed in the Recycle Bin

Naming Convention for Objects in the Recycle Bin

Viewing and Querying Objects in the Recycle Bin

Recycle Bin Capacity and Space Pressure

Performing Flashback Drop on Tables in the Recycle Bin

Purging Objects from the Recycle Bin

Privileges and Security

Limitations and Restrictions on Flashback Drop

Oracle Flashback Database: Alternative to Point-In-Time Recovery

Limitations of Flashback Database

Requirements for Flashback Database

Enabling Flashback Database

Sizing the Flash Recovery Area for Flashback Logs

Determining the Current Flashback Database Window

Performance Tuning for Flashback Database

Monitoring Flashback Database

Running the FLASHBACK DATABASE Command from RMAN

Running the FLASHBACK DATABASE Command from SQL*Plus

Using Oracle Flashback Features Together in Data Recovery: Scenario

10 RMAN Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery (TSPITR)

Understanding RMAN TSPITR

RMAN TSPITR Concepts

Deciding When to Use TSPITR

Planning and Preparing for TSPITR

Choosing the Right Target Time for TSPITR

Determining the Recovery Set: Analyzing Data Relationships

Identifying and Preserving Objects That Will Be Lost After TSPITR

Performing Basic RMAN TSPITR

Fully Automated RMAN TSPITR

Performing Customized RMAN TSPITR with an RMAN-Managed Auxiliary Instance

Renaming TSPITR Recovery Set Datafiles with SET NEWNAME

Renaming TSPITR Auxiliary Set Datafiles

Using Image Copies for Faster TSPITR Performance

Customizing Initialization Parameters for the Automatic Auxiliary Instance

Performing RMAN TSPITR Using Your Own Auxiliary Instance

Preparing Your Own Auxiliary Instance for RMAN TSPITR

Preparing RMAN Commands for TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Instance

Executing TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Instance

Executing TSPITR With Your Own Auxiliary Instance: Scenario

Troubleshooting RMAN TSPITR

Troubleshooting TSPITR Example: Filename Conflicts

Troubleshooting TSPITR Example: Insufficient Sort Space during Export

Troubleshooting: Restarting Manual Auxiliary Instance After TSPITR Failure

11 Duplicating a Database with Recovery Manager

Creating a Duplicate Database: Overview

How Recovery Manager Duplicates a Database

Database Duplication Options

Duplicating a Database: Prerequisites and Restrictions

Generating Files for the Duplicate Database

Creating the Duplicate Control Files

Creating the Duplicate Online Redo Logs

Renaming Datafiles When Duplicating a Database

Skipping Read-Only Tablespaces When Duplicating a Database

Skipping OFFLINE NORMAL Tablespaces When Duplicating a Database

Preparing the Auxiliary Instance for Duplication: Basic Steps

Task 1: Create an Oracle Password File for the Auxiliary Instance

Task 2: Ensure Oracle Net Connectivity to the Auxiliary Instance

Task 3: Create an Initialization Parameter File for the Auxiliary Instance

Task 4: Start the Auxiliary Instance

Task 5: Mount or Open the Target Database

Task 6: Make Sure You Have the Necessary Backups and Archived Redo Logs

Task 7: Allocate Auxiliary Channels if Automatic Channels Are Not Configured

Creating a Duplicate Database on a Local or Remote Host

Duplicating a Database on a Remote Host with the Same Directory Structure

Duplicating a Database on a Remote Host with a Different Directory Structure

Creating a Duplicate Database on the Local Host

Duplicating a Database to an Automatic Storage Management Environment

Database Duplication Examples

Duplicating When the Datafiles Use Inconsistent Paths: Example

Resynchronizing the Duplicate Database with the Target Database: Example

Creating Duplicate of the Database at a Past Point in Time: Example

Duplicating with a Client-Side Parameter File: Example

12 Migrating Databases To and From ASM with Recovery Manager

Migrating a Database into ASM

Limitation on ASM Migration with Transportable Tablespaces

Preparing to Migrate a Database to ASM

Disk-Based Migration of a Database to ASM

Using Tape Backups to Migrate a Database to ASM

Migrating the Flash Recovery Area to ASM

Migrating a Database from ASM to Non-ASM Storage

PL/SQL Scripts Used in Migrating to ASM Storage

Generating ASM-to-Non-ASM Storage Migration Script

Migrating Online Redo Logs to ASM Storage

Migrating Standby Online Redo Log Files to ASM Storage

13 Managing the Recovery Catalog

Creating a Recovery Catalog

Configuring the Recovery Catalog Database

Creating the Recovery Catalog Owner

Creating the Recovery Catalog

Managing Target Database Records in the Recovery Catalog

Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog

Unregistering a Target Database from the Recovery Catalog

Resetting a Database Incarnation in the Recovery Catalog

Removing Recovery Catalog Records with Status DELETED

Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog

Types of Records That Are Resynchronized

Full and Partial Resynchronization

When Should You Resynchronize?

Forcing a Full Resynchronization of the Recovery Catalog

Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog and CONTROLFILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME

Working with RMAN Stored Scripts in the Recovery Catalog

Creating Stored Scripts: CREATE SCRIPT

Running Stored Scripts: EXECUTE SCRIPT

Displaying a Stored Script: PRINT SCRIPT

Listing Stored Scripts: LIST SCRIPT NAMES

Updating Stored Scripts: REPLACE SCRIPT

Deleting Stored Scripts: DELETE SCRIPT

Starting the RMAN Client and Running a Stored Script

Restrictions on Stored Script Names

Managing the Control File When You Use a Recovery Catalog

Backing Up and Recovering the Recovery Catalog

Backing Up the Recovery Catalog

Restoring and Recovering the Recovery Catalog from Backup

Re-Creating the Recovery Catalog

Exporting and Importing the Recovery Catalog

Considerations When Moving Catalog Data

Exporting the Recovery Catalog

Importing the Recovery Catalog

Increasing Availability of the Recovery Catalog

Querying the Recovery Catalog Views

Querying Catalog Views for the Target DB_KEY or DBID Values

Determining the Schema Version of the Recovery Catalog

Upgrading the Recovery Catalog

Dropping the Recovery Catalog

14 Tuning Backup and Recovery

Tuning Recovery Manager: Overview

I/O Buffer Allocation

Synchronous and Asynchronous I/O

Factors Affecting Backup Speed to Tape

Features and Options Used to Tune RMAN Performance

Using the RATE Parameter to Control Disk Bandwidth Usage

Tuning RMAN Backup Performance: Examples

Step 1: Remove RATE Parameters from Configured and Allocated Channels

Step 2: If You Use Synchronous Disk I/O, Set DBWR_IO_SLAVES

Step 3: If You Fail to Allocate Shared Memory, Set LARGE_POOL_SIZE

Step 4: Determine Whether Files Are Empty or Contain Few Changes

Step 5: Query V$ Views to Identify Bottlenecks

Instance Recovery Performance Tuning: FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET

Understanding Instance Recovery

Checkpointing and Cache Recovery

Configuring the Duration of Cache Recovery: FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET

Tuning FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET and Using MTTR Advisor

15 Recovery Manager Troubleshooting

Interpreting RMAN Message Output

Identifying Types of Message Output

Recognizing RMAN Error Message Stacks

Identifying Error Codes

Interpreting RMAN Error Stacks

Identifying RMAN Return Codes

Testing the Media Management API

Obtaining the sbttest Utility

Obtaining Online Documentation for the sbttest Utility

Using the sbttest Utility

Terminating an RMAN Command

Terminating the Session with ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION

Terminating the Session at the Operating System Level

Terminating an RMAN Session That Is Hung in the Media Manager

RMAN Troubleshooting Scenarios

After Installation of Media Manager, RMAN Channel Allocation Fails: Scenario

Backup Job Is Hanging: Scenario

RMAN Fails to Start RPC Call: Scenario

Backup Fails with Invalid RECID Error: Scenario

Backup Fails Because of Control File Enqueue: Scenario

RMAN Fails to Delete All Archived Logs: Scenario

Backup Fails Because RMAN Cannot Locate an Archived Log: Scenario

RMAN Does Not Recognize Character Set Name: Scenario

RMAN Denies Logon to Target Database: Scenario

Database Duplication Fails Because of Missing Log: Scenario

Duplication Fails with Multiple RMAN-06023 Errors: Scenario

UNKNOWN Database Name Appears in Recovery Catalog: Scenario

Part III Performing User-Managed Backup and Recovery

16 Making User-Managed Backups

Querying V$ Views to Obtain Backup Information

Listing Database Files Before a Backup

Determining Datafile Status for Online Tablespace Backups

Making User-Managed Backups of the Whole Database

Making Consistent Whole Database Backups

Making User-Managed Backups of Offline Tablespaces and Datafiles

Making User-Managed Backups of Online Tablespaces and Datafiles

Making User-Managed Backups of Online Read/Write Tablespaces

Making Multiple User-Managed Backups of Online Read/Write Tablespaces

Ending a Backup After an Instance Failure or SHUTDOWN ABORT

Making User-Managed Backups of Read-Only Tablespaces

Making User-Managed Backups of the Control File

Backing Up the Control File to a Binary File

Backing Up the Control File to a Trace File

Making User-Managed Backups of Archived Redo Logs

Making User-Managed Backups in SUSPEND Mode

About the Suspend/Resume Feature

Making Backups in a Suspended Database

Making User-Managed Backups to Raw Devices

Backing Up to Raw Devices on UNIX

Backing Up to Raw Devices on Windows

Verifying User-Managed Backups

Testing the Restore of Backups

Running the DBVERIFY Utility

Making Logical Backups with Oracle Export Utilities

Making User-Managed Backups of Miscellaneous Oracle Files

Keeping Records of Current and Backup Database Files

Recording the Locations of Datafiles, Control Files, and Online Redo Logs

Recording the Locations of Archived Redo Logs

Recording the Locations and Dates of Backup Files

17 Performing User-Managed Database Flashback and Recovery

User-Managed Backup and Flashback Features of Oracle

Performing Flashback Database with SQL*Plus

About User-Managed Restore Operations

Determining Which Datafiles Require Recovery

Restoring Datafiles and Archived Redo Logs

Restoring Datafiles with Operating System Utilities

Restoring Archived Redo Logs with Operating System Utilities

Restoring Control Files

Losing a Member of a Multiplexed Control File

Losing All Current Control Files When a Backup Is Available

Losing All Current and Backup Control Files

About User-Managed Media Recovery

Preconditions of Performing User-Managed Recovery

Applying Logs Automatically with the RECOVER Command

Recovering When Archived Logs Are in the Default Location

Recovering When Archived Logs Are in a Nondefault Location

Resetting the Archived Log Destination

Overriding the Archived Log Destination

Responding to Unsuccessful Application of Redo Logs

Interrupting User-Managed Media Recovery

Performing Complete User-Managed Media Recovery

Performing Closed Database Recovery

Performing Datafile Recovery in an Open Database

Performing Incomplete User-Managed Media Recovery

Preparing for Incomplete Recovery

Restoring Datafiles Before Performing Incomplete Recovery

Performing Cancel-Based Incomplete Recovery

Performing Time-Based or Change-Based Incomplete Recovery

Opening the Database with the RESETLOGS Option

About Opening with the RESETLOGS Option

Executing the ALTER DATABASE OPEN Statements

Checking the Alert Log After a RESETLOGS Operation

Recovering a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Restoring a NOARCHIVELOG Database to its Default Location

Restoring a NOARCHIVELOG Database to a New Location

Performing Media Recovery in Parallel

18 Advanced User-Managed Recovery Scenarios

Recovering After the Loss of Datafiles: Scenarios

Losing Datafiles in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Losing Datafiles in ARCHIVELOG Mode

Recovering Through an Added Datafile with a Backup Control File: Scenario

Re-Creating Datafiles When Backups Are Unavailable: Scenario

Recovering Through RESETLOGS with Created Control File: Scenario

Recovering NOLOGGING Tables and Indexes: Scenario

Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces with a Backup Control File: Scenario

Recovery of Read-Only or Slow Media with a Backup Control File

Recovery of Read-Only Files with a Re-Created Control File

Recovering Transportable Tablespaces: Scenario

Recovering After the Loss of Online Redo Log Files: Scenarios

Recovering After Losing a Member of a Multiplexed Online Redo Log Group

Recovering After the Loss of All Members of an Online Redo Log Group

Recovering After the Loss of Archived Redo Log Files: Scenario

Recovering from a Dropped Table: Scenario

Performing Media Recovery in a Distributed Environment: Scenario

Coordinating Time-Based and Change-Based Distributed Database Recovery

Dropping a Database with SQL*Plus

19 Performing User-Managed TSPITR

Introduction to User-Managed Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

TSPITR Terminology

TSPITR Methods

Preparing for Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery: Basic Steps

Step 1: Review TSPITR Requirements

Step 2: Identify All of the Files in the Recovery and Auxiliary Set Tablespaces

Step 3: Determine Whether Objects Will Be Lost

Step 4: Choose a Method for Connecting to the Auxiliary Instance

Step 5: Create an Oracle Password File for the Auxiliary Instance

Step 6: Create the Initialization Parameter File for the Auxiliary Instance

Restoring and Recovering the Auxiliary Database: Basic Steps

Restoring and Recovering the Auxiliary Database on the Same Host

Restoring the Auxiliary Database on a Different Host with the Same Path Names

Restoring the Auxiliary Database on a Different Host with Different Path Names

Performing TSPITR with Transportable Tablespaces

Step 1: Unplugging the Tablespaces from the Auxiliary Database

Step 2: Transporting the Tablespaces into the Primary Database

Performing Partial TSPITR of Partitioned Tables

Step 1: Create a Table on the Primary Database for Each Partition Being Recovered

Step 2: Drop the Indexes on the Partition Being Recovered

Step 3: Exchange Partitions with Standalone Tables

Step 4: Drop the Recovery Set Tablespace

Step 5: Create Tables at Auxiliary Database

Step 6: Drop Indexes on Partitions Being Recovered

Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Standalone Tables on the Auxiliary Database

Step 8: Transport the Recovery Set Tablespaces

Step 9: Exchange Partitions with Standalone Tables on the Primary Database

Step 10: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database

Performing TSPITR of Partitioned Tables When a Partition Has Been Dropped

Step 1: Find the Low and High Range of the Partition that Was Dropped

Step 2: Create a Temporary Table

Step 3: Delete Records From the Partitioned Table

Step 4: Drop the Recovery Set Tablespace

Step 5: Create Tables at the Auxiliary Database

Step 6: Drop Indexes on Partitions Being Recovered

Step 7: Exchange Partitions with Standalone Tables

Step 8: Transport the Recovery Set Tablespaces

Step 9: Insert Standalone Tables into Partitioned Tables

Step 10: Back Up the Recovered Tablespaces in the Primary Database

Performing TSPITR of Partitioned Tables When a Partition Has Split

Step 1: Drop the Lower of the Two Partitions at the Primary Database

Steps 2: Follow Same Procedure as for Partial TSPITR of Partitioned Tablespaces

20 Troubleshooting User-Managed Media Recovery

About User-Managed Media Recovery Problems

Investigating the Media Recovery Problem: Phase 1

Trying to Fix the Recovery Problem Without Corrupting Blocks: Phase 2

Deciding Whether to Allow Recovery to Corrupt Blocks: Phase 3

Allowing Recovery to Corrupt Blocks: Phase 4

Performing Trial Recovery

How Trial Recovery Works

Executing the RECOVER ... TEST Statement

Index