Contents
- Audience
- Organization
- Related Documentation
- Conventions
- Documentation Accessibility
- Oracle Database Architecture
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- Overview of Oracle Grid Architecture
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- Oracle Technologies that Enable the Grid
- Managing the Grid
- Overview of Application Architecture
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- Client/Server Architecture
- Multitier Architecture: Application Servers
- Overview of Physical Database Structures
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- Datafiles
- Control Files
- Redo Log Files
- Archive Log Files
- Parameter Files
- Alert and Trace Log Files
- Backup Files
- Overview of Logical Database Structures
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- Tablespaces
- Oracle Data Blocks
- Extents
- Segments
- Overview of Schemas and Common Schema Objects
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- Tables
- Indexes
- Views
- Clusters
- Synonyms
- Overview of the Oracle Data Dictionary
- Overview of the Oracle Instance
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- Real Application Clusters: Multiple Instance Systems
- Instance Memory Structures
- System Global Area
- Program Global Area
- Oracle Background Processes
- Process Architecture
- Overview of Accessing the Database
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- Network Connections
- Starting Up the Database
- How Oracle Works
- Overview of Oracle Utilities
- Oracle Database Features
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- Overview of Scalability and Performance Features
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- Concurrency
- Read Consistency
- Locking Mechanisms
- Quiesce Database
- Real Application Clusters
- Portability
- Overview of Manageability Features
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- Self-Managing Database
- Oracle Enterprise Manager
- SQL*Plus
- Automatic Storage Management
- The Scheduler
- Database Resource Manager
- Overview of Database Backup and Recovery Features
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- Types of Failures
- Structures Used for Recovery
- Overview of High Availability Features
- Overview of Business Intelligence Features
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- Data Warehousing
- Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
- Materialized Views
- Bitmap Indexes in Data Warehousing
- Table Compression
- Parallel Execution
- Analytic SQL
- OLAP Capabilities
- Data Mining
- Partitioning
- Overview of Content Management Features
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- XML in Oracle
- LOBs
- Oracle Text
- Oracle Ultra Search
- Oracle interMedia
- Oracle Spatial
- Overview of Security Features
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- Security Mechanisms
- Overview of Data Integrity and Triggers
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- Integrity Constraints
- Keys
- Triggers
- Overview of Information Integration Features
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- Distributed SQL
- Oracle Streams
- Oracle Transparent Gateways and Generic Connectivity
- Oracle Database Application Development
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- Overview of Oracle SQL
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- SQL Statements
- Overview of PL/SQL
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- PL/SQL Program Units
- Overview of Java
- Overview of Application Programming Languages (APIs)
- Overview of Transactions
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- Commit and Undo Transactions
- Savepoints
- Overview of Datatypes
- Overview of Globalization
- Introduction to Data Blocks, Extents, and Segments
- Overview of Data Blocks
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- Data Block Format
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- Header (Common and Variable)
- Table Directory
- Row Directory
- Overhead
- Row Data
- Free Space
- Free Space Management
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- Availability and Optimization of Free Space in a Data Block
- Row Chaining and Migrating
- PCTFREE, PCTUSED, and Row Chaining
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- The PCTFREE Parameter
- The PCTUSED Parameter
- Overview of Extents
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- When Extents Are Allocated
- Determine the Number and Size of Extents
- How Extents Are Allocated
- When Extents Are Deallocated
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- Extents in Nonclustered Tables
- Extents in Clustered Tables
- Extents in Materialized Views and Their Logs
- Extents in Indexes
- Extents in Temporary Segments
- Extents in Rollback Segments
- Overview of Segments
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- Introduction to Data Segments
- Introduction to Index Segments
- Introduction to Temporary Segments
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- Operations that Require Temporary Segments
- Segments in Temporary Tables and Their Indexes
- How Temporary Segments Are Allocated
- Introduction to Automatic Undo Management
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- Undo Mode
- Undo Quota
- Automatic Undo Retention
- External Views
- Introduction to Tablespaces, Datafiles, and Control Files
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- Oracle-Managed Files
- Allocate More Space for a Database
- Overview of Tablespaces
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- Bigfile Tablespaces
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- Benefits of Bigfile Tablespaces
- Considerations with Bigfile Tablespaces
- The SYSTEM Tablespace
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- The Data Dictionary
- PL/SQL Program Units Description
- The SYSAUX Tablespace
- Undo Tablespaces
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- Creation of Undo Tablespaces
- Assignment of Undo Tablespaces
- Default Temporary Tablespace
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- How to Specify a Default Temporary Tablespace
- Using Multiple Tablespaces
- Managing Space in Tablespaces
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- Locally Managed Tablespaces
- Segment Space Management in Locally Managed Tablespaces
- Dictionary Managed Tablespaces
- Multiple Block Sizes
- Online and Offline Tablespaces
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- Bringing Tablespaces Offline
- Use of Tablespaces for Special Procedures
- Read-Only Tablespaces
- Temporary Tablespaces for Sort Operations
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- Sort Segments
- Creation of Temporary Tablespaces
- Transport of Tablespaces Between Databases
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- How to Move or Copy a Tablespace to Another Database
- Overview of Datafiles
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- Datafile Contents
- Size of Datafiles
- Offline Datafiles
- Temporary Datafiles
- Overview of Control Files
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- Control File Contents
- Multiplexed Control Files
- Introduction to Transactions
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- Statement Execution and Transaction Control
- Statement-Level Rollback
- Resumable Space Allocation
- Overview of Transaction Management
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- Commit Transactions
- Rollback of Transactions
- Savepoints In Transactions
- Transaction Naming
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- How Transactions Are Named
- Commit Comment
- The Two-Phase Commit Mechanism
- Overview of Autonomous Transactions
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- Autonomous PL/SQL Blocks
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- Transaction Control Statements in Autonomous Blocks
- Introduction to Schema Objects
- Overview of Tables
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- How Table Data Is Stored
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- Row Format and Size
- Rowids of Row Pieces
- Column Order
- Table Compression
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- Using Table Compression
- Nulls Indicate Absence of Value
- Default Values for Columns
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- Default Value Insertion and Integrity Constraint Checking
- Partitioned Tables
- Nested Tables
- Temporary Tables
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- Segment Allocation
- Parent and Child Transactions
- External Tables
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- The Access Driver
- Data Loading with External Tables
- Parallel Access to External Tables
- Overview of Views
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- How Views are Stored
- How Views Are Used
- Mechanics of Views
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- Globalization Support Parameters in Views
- Use of Indexes Against Views
- Dependencies and Views
- Updatable Join Views
- Object Views
- Inline Views
- Overview of Materialized Views
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- Define Constraints on Views
- Refresh Materialized Views
- Materialized View Logs
- Overview of Dimensions
- Overview of the Sequence Generator
- Overview of Synonyms
- Overview of Indexes
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- Unique and Nonunique Indexes
- Composite Indexes
- Indexes and Keys
- Indexes and Nulls
- Function-Based Indexes
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- Uses of Function-Based Indexes
- Optimization with Function-Based Indexes
- Dependencies of Function-Based Indexes
- How Indexes Are Stored
-
- Format of Index Blocks
- The Internal Structure of Indexes
- Index Properties
- Advantages of B-tree Structure
- Index Unique Scan
- Index Range Scan
- Key Compression
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- Prefix and Suffix Entries
- Performance and Storage Considerations
- Uses of Key Compression
- Reverse Key Indexes
- Bitmap Indexes
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- Benefits for Data Warehousing Applications
- Cardinality
- Bitmap Index Example
- Bitmap Indexes and Nulls
- Bitmap Indexes on Partitioned Tables
- Bitmap Join Indexes
- Overview of Index-Organized Tables
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- Benefits of Index-Organized Tables
- Index-Organized Tables with Row Overflow Area
- Secondary Indexes on Index-Organized Tables
- Bitmap Indexes on Index-Organized Tables
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- Mapping Table
- Partitioned Index-Organized Tables
- B-tree Indexes on UROWID Columns for Heap- and Index-Organized Tables
- Index-Organized Table Applications
- Overview of Application Domain Indexes
- Overview of Clusters
- Overview of Hash Clusters
- Introduction to Dependency Issues
- Resolution of Schema Object Dependencies
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- Compilation of Views and PL/SQL Program Units
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- Views and Base Tables
- Program Units and Referenced Objects
- Data Warehousing Considerations
- Session State and Referenced Packages
- Security Authorizations
- Object Name Resolution
- Shared SQL Dependency Management
- Local and Remote Dependency Management
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- Management of Local Dependencies
- Management of Remote Dependencies
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- Dependencies Among Local and Remote Database Procedures
- Dependencies Among Other Remote Schema Objects
- Dependencies of Applications
- Introduction to the Data Dictionary
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- Structure of the Data Dictionary
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- Base Tables
- User-Accessible Views
- SYS, Owner of the Data Dictionary
- How the Data Dictionary Is Used
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- How Oracle Uses the Data Dictionary
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- Public Synonyms for Data Dictionary Views
- Cache the Data Dictionary for Fast Access
- Other Programs and the Data Dictionary
- How to Use the Data Dictionary
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- Views with the Prefix USER
- Views with the Prefix ALL
- Views with the Prefix DBA
- The DUAL Table
- Dynamic Performance Tables
- Database Object Metadata
- Introduction to Oracle Memory Structures
- Overview of the System Global Area
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- The SGA_MAX_SIZE Initialization Parameter
- Automatic Shared Memory Management
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- The SGA_TARGET Initialization Parameter
- Automatically Managed SGA Components
- Manually Managed SGA Components
- Persistence of Automatically Tuned Values
- Adding Granules and Tracking Component Size
- Database Buffer Cache
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- Organization of the Database Buffer Cache
- The LRU Algorithm and Full Table Scans
- Size of the Database Buffer Cache
- Multiple Buffer Pools
- Redo Log Buffer
- Shared Pool
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- Library Cache
- Shared SQL Areas and Private SQL Areas
- PL/SQL Program Units and the Shared Pool
- Dictionary Cache
- Allocation and Reuse of Memory in the Shared Pool
- Large Pool
- Java Pool
- Streams Pool
- Control of the SGA's Use of Memory
- Other SGA Initialization Parameters
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- Physical Memory
- SGA Starting Address
- Extended Buffer Cache Mechanism
- Overview of the Program Global Areas
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- Content of the PGA
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- Private SQL Area
- Session Memory
- SQL Work Areas
- PGA Memory Management for Dedicated Mode
- Dedicated and Shared Servers
- Software Code Areas
- Introduction to Processes
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- Multiple-Process Oracle Systems
- Types of Processes
- Overview of User Processes
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- Connections and Sessions
- Overview of Oracle Processes
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- Server Processes
- Background Processes
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- Database Writer Process (DBWn)
- Log Writer Process (LGWR)
- Checkpoint Process (CKPT)
- System Monitor Process (SMON)
- Process Monitor Process (PMON)
- Recoverer Process (RECO)
- Job Queue Processes
- Archiver Processes (ARCn)
- Queue Monitor Processes (QMNn)
- Other Background Processes
- Trace Files and the Alert Log
- Shared Server Architecture
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- Dispatcher Request and Response Queues
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- Dispatcher Processes (Dnnn)
- Shared Server Processes (Snnn)
- Restricted Operations of the Shared Server
- Dedicated Server Configuration
- The Program Interface
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- Program Interface Structure
- Program Interface Drivers
- Communications Software for the Operating System
- Introduction to Client/Server Architecture
- Overview of Multitier Architecture
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- Clients
- Application Servers
- Database Servers
- Overview of Oracle Net Services
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- How Oracle Net Services Works
- The Listener
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- Service Information Registration
- Introduction to Oracle Utilities
- Overview of Data Pump Export and Import
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- Data Pump Export
- Data Pump Import
- Overview of the Data Pump API
- Overview of the Metadata API
- Overview of SQL*Loader
- Overview of External Tables
- Overview of LogMiner
- Overview of DBVERIFY Utility
- Overview of DBNEWID Utility
- Introduction to an Oracle Instance
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- The Instance and the Database
- Connection with Administrator Privileges
- Initialization Parameter Files and Server Parameter Files
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- How Parameter Values Are Changed
- Overview of Instance and Database Startup
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- How an Instance Is Started
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- Restricted Mode of Instance Startup
- Forced Startup in Abnormal Situations
- How a Database Is Mounted
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- How a Database Is Mounted with Real Application Clusters
- How a Standby Database Is Mounted
- How a Clone Database Is Mounted
- What Happens When You Open a Database
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- Instance Recovery
- Undo Space Acquisition and Management
- Resolution of In-Doubt Distributed Transaction
- Open a Database in Read-Only Mode
- Overview of Database and Instance Shutdown
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- Close a Database
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- Close the Database by Terminating the Instance
- Unmount a Database
- Shut Down an Instance
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- Abnormal Instance Shutdown
- Introduction to Data Concurrency and Consistency in a Multiuser Environment
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- Preventable Phenomena and Transaction Isolation Levels
- Overview of Locking Mechanisms
- How Oracle Manages Data Concurrency and Consistency
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- Multiversion Concurrency Control
- Statement-Level Read Consistency
- Transaction-Level Read Consistency
- Read Consistency with Real Application Clusters
- Oracle Isolation Levels
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- Set the Isolation Level
- Read Committed Isolation
- Serializable Isolation
- Comparison of Read Committed and Serializable Isolation
-
- Transaction Set Consistency
- Row-Level Locking
- Referential Integrity
- Distributed Transactions
- Choice of Isolation Level
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- Read Committed Isolation
- Serializable Isolation
- Quiesce Database
- How Oracle Locks Data
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- Transactions and Data Concurrency
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- Modes of Locking
- Lock Duration
- Data Lock Conversion Versus Lock Escalation
- Deadlocks
-
- Deadlock Detection
- Avoid Deadlocks
- Types of Locks
- DML Locks
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- Row Locks (TX)
- Table Locks (TM)
- DML Locks Automatically Acquired for DML Statements
- DDL Locks
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- Exclusive DDL Locks
- Share DDL Locks
- Breakable Parse Locks
- Duration of DDL Locks
- DDL Locks and Clusters
- Latches and Internal Locks
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- Latches
- Internal Locks
- Explicit (Manual) Data Locking
- Oracle Lock Management Services
- Overview of Oracle Flashback Query
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- Flashback Query Benefits
- Some Uses of Flashback Query
- Installing Oracle and Getting Started
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- Simplified Database Creation
- Instant Client
- Automated Upgrades
- Basic Initialization Parameters
- Data Loading, Transfer, and Archiving
- Intelligent Infrastructure
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- Automatic Workload Repository
- Automatic Maintenance Tasks
- Server-Generated Alerts
- Advisor Framework
- Performance Diagnostic and Troubleshooting
- Application and SQL Tuning
- Memory Management
- Space Management
-
- Automatic Undo Management
- Oracle-Managed Files
- Free Space Management
- Proactive Space Management
- Intelligent Capacity Planning
- Transparent Space Reclamation
- Storage Management
- Backup and Recovery
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- Recovery Manager
- Mean Time to Recovery
- Self Service Error Correction
- Configuration Management
- Workload Management
-
- Overview of the Database Resource Manager
-
- Database Resource Manager Concepts
- Overview of Services
-
- Workload Management with Services
- High Availability with Services
- Automatic Storage Management
-
- Basic Automatic Storage Management Concepts
-
- Disk Groups
- Automatic Storage Management Files
- Automatic Storage Management Templates
- Automatic Storage Management Disks
- Failure Groups
- Automatic Storage Management Instances
- Benefits of Using Automatic Storage Management
- Job Scheduler
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- What Can the Scheduler Do?
-
- Schedule Job Execution Based on Time
- Reuse Scheduler Objects
- Schedule Job Processing that Models Business Requirements
- Manage and Monitor Jobs
- Execute and Manage Jobs in a Clustered Environment
- Transfer Files
- Basic Scheduler Concepts
-
- Programs
- Schedules
- Jobs
- Advanced Scheduler Concepts
-
- Job Classes
- Windows
- Introduction to Backup
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- Consistent and Inconsistent Backups
-
- Overview of Consistent Backups
- Overview of Inconsistent Backups
- Whole Database and Partial Database Backups
-
- Whole Database Backups
- Tablespace Backups
- Datafile Backups
- RMAN and User-Managed Backups
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- RMAN with Online Backups
- Control File Backups
- Archived Redo Log Backups
- Introduction to Recovery
-
- Overview of Media Recovery
-
- Complete Recovery
- Incomplete Recovery
- Datafile Media Recovery
- Block Media Recovery
- Overview of RMAN and User-Managed Restore and Recovery
-
- RMAN Restore and Recovery
- User-Managed Restore and Recovery
- Recovery Using Oracle Flashback Technology
-
- Overview of Oracle Flashback Database
- Overview of Oracle Flashback Table
- Other Types of Oracle Recovery
-
- Overview of Redo Application
- Overview of Instance and Crash Recovery
- Deciding Which Recovery Technique to Use
-
- When to Use Media Recovery
- When to Use Oracle Flashback
- When to Use CREATE TABLE AS SELECT Recovery
- When to Use Import/Export Utilities Recovery
- When to Use Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery
- Flash Recovery Area
-
- Flash Recovery Area Disk Limit
- Introduction to Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
-
- Characteristics of Data Warehousing
-
- Subject Oriented
- Integrated
- Nonvolatile
- Time Variant
- Differences Between Data Warehouse and OLTP Systems
-
- Workload
- Data Modifications
- Schema Design
- Typical Operations
- Historical Data
- Data Warehouse Architecture
-
- Data Warehouse Architecture (Basic)
- Data Warehouse Architecture (with a Staging Area)
- Data Warehouse Architecture (with a Staging Area and Data Marts)
- Overview of Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
-
- Transportable Tablespaces
- Table Functions
- External Tables
- Table Compression
- Change Data Capture
- Overview of Materialized Views for Data Warehouses
- Overview of Bitmap Indexes in Data Warehousing
- Overview of Parallel Execution
-
- How Parallel Execution Works
- Overview of Analytic SQL
-
- SQL for Aggregation
- SQL for Analysis
- SQL for Modeling
- Overview of OLAP Capabilities
-
- Benefits of OLAP and RDBMS Integration
-
- Scalability
- Availability
- Manageability
- Backup and Recovery
- Security
- Overview of Data Mining
- Introduction to High Availability
- Overview of Unplanned Downtime
-
- Oracle Solutions to System Failures
-
- Overview of Fast-Start Fault Recovery
- Overview of Real Application Clusters
- Oracle Solutions to Data Failures
-
- Overview of Backup and Recovery Features for High Availability
- Overview of Partitioning
- Overview of Transparent Application Failover
- Oracle Solutions to Disasters
-
- Overview of Oracle Data Guard
- Oracle Solutions to Human Errors
-
- Overview of Oracle Flashback Features
- Overview of LogMiner
- Overview of Security Features for High Availability
- Overview of Planned Downtime
-
- System Maintenance
- Data Maintenance
- Database Maintenance
- Introduction to Partitioning
-
- Partition Key
- Partitioned Tables
- Partitioned Index-Organized Tables
- Overview of Partitioning Methods
-
- Range Partitioning
-
- Range Partitioning Example
- List Partitioning
-
- List Partitioning Example
- Hash Partitioning
-
- Hash Partitioning Example
- Composite Partitioning
-
- Composite Partitioning Range-Hash Example
- Composite Partitioning Range-List Example
- When to Partition a Table
- Overview of Partitioned Indexes
-
- Local Partitioned Indexes
- Global Partitioned Indexes
-
- Global Range Partitioned Indexes
- Global Hash Partitioned Indexes
- Maintenance of Global Partitioned Indexes
- Global Nonpartitioned Indexes
- Miscellaneous Information about Creating Indexes on Partitioned Tables
- Using Partitioned Indexes in OLTP Applications
- Using Partitioned Indexes in Data Warehousing and DSS Applications
- Partitioned Indexes on Composite Partitions
- Partitioning to Improve Performance
-
- Partition Pruning
-
- Partition Pruning Example
- Partition-wise Joins
- Parallel DML
- Introduction to Content Management
- Overview of XML in Oracle
- Overview of LOBs
- Overview of Oracle Text
-
- Oracle Text Index Types
- Oracle Text Document Services
- Oracle Text Query Package
- Oracle Text Advanced Features
- Overview of Oracle Ultra Search
- Overview of Oracle interMedia
- Overview of Oracle Spatial
- Introduction to Database Security
-
- Database Users and Schemas
-
- Security Domain
- Privileges
- Roles
- Storage Settings and Quotas
-
- Default Tablespace
- Temporary Tablespace
- Tablespace Quotas
- Profiles and Resource Limits
- Overview of Authentication Methods
-
- Authentication by the Operating System
- Authentication by the Network
-
- Third Party-Based Authentication Technologies
- Public-Key-Infrastructure-Based Authentication
- Remote Authentication
- Authentication by the Oracle Database
-
- Password Encryption While Connecting
- Account Locking
- Password Lifetime and Expiration
- Password Complexity Verification
- Multitier Authentication and Authorization
- Authentication by the Secure Socket Layer Protocol
- Authentication of Database Administrators
- Overview of Authorization
-
- User Resource Limits and Profiles
-
- Types of System Resources and Limits
- Profiles
- Introduction to Privileges
-
- System Privileges
- Schema Object Privileges
- Introduction to Roles
-
- Common Uses for Roles
- Role Mechanisms
- The Operating System and Roles
- Secure Application Roles
- Overview of Access Restrictions on Tables, Views, Synonyms, or Rows
-
- Fine-Grained Access Control
-
- Dynamic Predicates
- Application Context
-
- Dynamic Contexts
- Fine-Grained Auditing
- Overview of Security Policies
-
- System Security Policy
-
- Database User Management
- User Authentication
- Operating System Security
- Data Security Policy
- User Security Policy
-
- General User Security
- End-User Security
- Administrator Security
- Application Developer Security
- Application Administrator Security
- Password Management Policy
- Auditing Policy
- Overview of Database Auditing
-
- Types and Records of Auditing
-
- Audit Records and the Audit Trails
- Introduction to Data Integrity
-
- Types of Data Integrity
-
- Null Rule
- Unique Column Values
- Primary Key Values
- Referential Integrity Rules
- Complex Integrity Checking
- How Oracle Enforces Data Integrity
-
- Integrity Constraints Description
- Database Triggers
- Overview of Integrity Constraints
-
- Advantages of Integrity Constraints
-
- Declarative Ease
- Centralized Rules
- Maximum Application Development Productivity
- Immediate User Feedback
- Superior Performance
- Flexibility for Data Loads and Identification of Integrity Violations
- The Performance Cost of Integrity Constraints
- Types of Integrity Constraints
-
- NOT NULL Integrity Constraints
- UNIQUE Key Integrity Constraints
-
- Unique Keys
- UNIQUE Key Constraints and Indexes
- Combine UNIQUE Key and NOT NULL Integrity Constraints
- PRIMARY KEY Integrity Constraints
-
- Primary Keys
- PRIMARY KEY Constraints and Indexes
- Referential Integrity Constraints
-
- Self-Referential Integrity Constraints
- Nulls and Foreign Keys
- Actions Defined by Referential Integrity Constraints
- Concurrency Control, Indexes, and Foreign Keys
- CHECK Integrity Constraints
-
- The Check Condition
- Multiple CHECK Constraints
- The Mechanisms of Constraint Checking
-
- Default Column Values and Integrity Constraint Checking
- Deferred Constraint Checking
-
- Constraint Attributes
- SET CONSTRAINTS Mode
- Unique Constraints and Indexes
- Constraint States
-
- Constraint State Modification
- Introduction to Triggers
-
- How Triggers Are Used
-
- Some Cautionary Notes about Triggers
- Triggers Compared with Declarative Integrity Constraints
- Parts of a Trigger
-
- The Triggering Event or Statement
- Trigger Restriction
- Trigger Action
- Types of Triggers
-
- Row Triggers and Statement Triggers
-
- Row Triggers
- Statement Triggers
- BEFORE and AFTER Triggers
-
- BEFORE Triggers
- AFTER Triggers
- Trigger Type Combinations
- INSTEAD OF Triggers
-
- Modify Views
- Views That Are Not Modifiable
- INSTEAD OF Triggers on Nested Tables
- Triggers on System Events and User Events
-
- Event Publication
- Event Attributes
- System Events
- User Events
- Trigger Execution
-
- The Execution Model for Triggers and Integrity Constraint Checking
- Data Access for Triggers
- Storage of PL/SQL Triggers
- Execution of Triggers
- Dependency Maintenance for Triggers
- Introduction to Oracle Information Integration
- Federated Access
-
- Distributed SQL
- Location Transparency
- SQL and COMMIT Transparency
- Distributed Query Optimization
- Information Sharing
-
- Oracle Streams
-
- Oracle Streams Architecture
- Replication with Oracle Streams
- Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing
- Change Data Capture
- Heterogeneous Environments
- Oracle Streams Use Cases
- Materialized Views
- Integrating Non-Oracle Systems
-
- Generic Connectivity
- Oracle Transparent Gateways
- Overview of SQL
-
- SQL Statements
-
- Data Manipulation Language Statements
- Data Definition Language Statements
- Transaction Control Statements
- Session Control Statements
- System Control Statements
- Embedded SQL Statements
- Cursors
-
- Scrollable Cursors
- Shared SQL
- Parsing
- SQL Processing
-
- SQL Statement Execution
- DML Statement Processing
- DDL Statement Processing
- Control of Transactions
- Overview of the Optimizer
-
- Execution Plans
- Overview of Procedural Languages
-
- Overview of PL/SQL
-
- How PL/SQL Runs
- Language Constructs for PL/SQL
- PL/SQL Program Units
- Stored Procedures and Functions
- PL/SQL Packages
- PL/SQL Collections and Records
- PL/SQL Server Pages
- Overview of Java
-
- Java and Object-Oriented Programming Terminology
- Class Hierarchy
- Interfaces
- Polymorphism
- Overview of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
- Why Use Java in Oracle?
- Oracle's Java Application Strategy
- Introduction to Oracle Application Development Languages
- Overview of C/C++ Programming Languages
-
- Overview of Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
- Overview of Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI)
-
- OCCI Associative Relational and Object Interfaces
- OCCI Navigational Interface
- Overview of Oracle Type Translator
- Overview of Pro*C/C++ Precompiler
-
- Dynamic Creation and Access of Type Descriptions
- Overview of Microsoft Programming Languages
-
- Open Database Connectivity
- Overview of Oracle Objects for OLE
-
- OO4O Automation Server
- Oracle Data Control
- The Oracle Objects for OLE C++ Class Library
- Oracle Data Provider for .NET
- Overview of Legacy Languages
-
- Overview of Pro*Cobol Precompiler
- Overview of Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler
- Introduction to Oracle Datatypes
- Overview of Character Datatypes
-
- CHAR Datatype
- VARCHAR2 and VARCHAR Datatypes
-
- VARCHAR Datatype
- Length Semantics for Character Datatypes
- NCHAR and NVARCHAR2 Datatypes
-
- NCHAR
- NVARCHAR2
- Use of Unicode Data in an Oracle Database
-
- Implicit Type Conversion
- LOB Character Datatypes
- LONG Datatype
- Overview of Numeric Datatypes
-
- NUMBER Datatype
-
- Internal Numeric Format
- Floating-Point Numbers
-
- BINARY_FLOAT Datatype
- BINARY_DOUBLE Datatype
- Overview of DATE Datatype
-
- Use of Julian Dates
- Date Arithmetic
- Centuries and the Year 2000
- Daylight Savings Support
- Time Zones
- Overview of LOB Datatypes
-
- BLOB Datatype
- CLOB and NCLOB Datatypes
- BFILE Datatype
- Overview of RAW and LONG RAW Datatypes
- Overview of ROWID and UROWID Datatypes
-
- The ROWID Pseudocolumn
- Physical Rowids
-
- Extended Rowids
- Restricted Rowids
- Examples of Rowid Use
- How Rowids Are Used
- Logical Rowids
-
- Comparison of Logical Rowids with Physical Rowids
- Guesses in Logical Rowids
- Rowids in Non-Oracle Databases
- Overview of ANSI, DB2, and SQL/DS Datatypes
- Overview of XML Datatypes
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- XMLType Datatype
- Overview of URI Datatypes
- Overview of Data Conversion
- Introduction to Object Datatypes
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- Complex Data Models
- Multimedia Datatypes
- Overview of Object Datatype Categories
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- Object Types
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- Types of Methods
- Object Tables
- Object Identifiers
- Object Views Description
- REFs
- Collection Types
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- VARRAYs
- Nested Tables
- Overview of Type Inheritance
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- FINAL and NOT FINAL Types
- NOT INSTANTIABLE Types and Methods
- Overview of User-Defined Aggregate Functions
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- Why Have User-Defined Aggregate Functions?
- Overview of Datatype Evolution
- Introduction to Object Views
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- Advantages of Object Views
- Use of Object Views
- Updates of Object Views
- Updates of Nested Table Columns in Views
- View Hierarchies
