Oracle® Database SQL Quick Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part Number B10758-01 |
|
|
View PDF |
This chapter presents the syntax for SQL functions.
This chapter includes the following section:
A function is a command that manipulates data items and returns a single value.
Table 2-1 shows each SQL function and its related syntax. Refer to Chapter 5, " Subclauses " for the syntax of the subclauses found in the following table.
Table 2-1 Syntax for SQL Functions
SQL Function | Syntax |
---|---|
ABS |
ABS(n) |
ACOS |
ACOS(n) |
ADD_MONTHS |
ADD_MONTHS(date, integer) |
analytic_function |
analytic_function([ arguments ]) OVER (analytic_clause) |
ASCII |
ASCII(char) |
ASCIISTR |
ASCIISTR('char') |
ASIN |
ASIN(n) |
ATAN |
ATAN(n) |
ATAN2 |
ATAN2(n { , | / } m) |
AVG |
AVG([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER(analytic_clause) ] |
BFILENAME |
BFILENAME('directory', 'filename') |
BIN_TO_NUM |
BIN_TO_NUM(expr [, expr ]... ) |
BITAND |
BITAND(expr1, expr2) |
CARDINALITY |
CARDINALITY(nested_table) |
CAST |
CAST({ expr | MULTISET (subquery) } AS type_name) |
CEIL |
CEIL(n) |
CHARTOROWID |
CHARTOROWID(char) |
CHR |
CHR(n [ USING NCHAR_CS ]) |
COALESCE |
COALESCE(expr [, expr ]...) |
COLLECT |
COLLECT (column) |
COMPOSE |
COMPOSE('char') |
CONCAT |
CONCAT(char1, char2) |
CONVERT |
CONVERT(char, dest_char_set[, source_char_set ]) |
CORR |
CORR(expr1, expr2) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
CORR_K CORR_S |
{ CORR_K | CORR_S } (expr1, expr2 [, { COEFFICIENT | ONE_SIDED_SIG | TWO_SIDED_SIG } ] ) |
COS |
COS(n) |
COSH |
COSH(n) |
COUNT |
COUNT({ * | [ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr }) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
COVAR_POP |
COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
COVAR_SAMP |
COVAR_SAMP(expr1, expr2) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
CUME_DIST (aggregate) |
CUME_DIST(expr[,expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] ]... ) |
CUME_DIST (analytic) |
CUME_DIST( ) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
CURRENT_DATE |
CURRENT_DATE |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ (precision) ] |
CV |
CV([ dimension_column ]) |
DBTIMEZONE |
DBTIMEZONE |
DECODE |
DECODE(expr, search, result [, search, result ]... [, default ] ) |
DECOMPOSE |
DECOMPOSE('string' [ CANONICAL | COMPATIBILITY ]) |
DENSE_RANK (aggregate) |
DENSE_RANK(expr [, expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [,expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] ]... ) |
DENSE_RANK (analytic) |
DENSE_RANK( ) OVER([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
DEPTH |
DEPTH(correlation_integer) |
DEREF |
DEREF(expr) |
DUMP |
DUMP(expr[, return_fmt [, start_position [, length ] ] ] ) |
EMPTY_BLOB EMPTY_CLOB |
{ EMPTY_BLOB | EMPTY_CLOB }( ) |
EXISTSNODE |
EXISTSNODE (XMLType_instance, XPath_string [, namespace_string ] ) |
EXP |
EXP(n) |
EXTRACT (datetime) |
EXTRACT( { { YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE | SECOND } | { TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE } | { TIMEZONE_REGION | TIMEZONE_ABBR } } FROM { datetime_value_expression | interval_value_expression } ) |
EXTRACT (XML) |
EXTRACT(XMLType_instance, XPath_string [, namespace_string ] ) |
EXTRACTVALUE |
EXTRACTVALUE (XMLType_instance, XPath_string [, namespace_string ) |
FIRST |
aggregate_function KEEP (DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] ]... ) [ OVER query_partition_clause ] |
FIRST_VALUE |
FIRST_VALUE (expr [ IGNORE NULLS ]) OVER (analytic_clause) |
FLOOR |
FLOOR(n) |
FROM_TZ |
FROM_TZ (timestamp_value, time_zone_value) |
GREATEST |
GREATEST(expr [, expr ]...) |
GROUP_ID |
GROUP_ID( ) |
GROUPING |
GROUPING(expr) |
GROUPING_ID |
GROUPING_ID(expr [, expr ]...) |
HEXTORAW |
HEXTORAW(char) |
INITCAP |
INITCAP(char) |
INSTR |
{ INSTR | INSTRB | INSTRC | INSTR2 | INSTR4 } (string , substring [, position [, occurrence ] ]) |
ITERATION_NUMBER |
ITERATION_NUMBER |
LAG |
LAG(value_expr [, offset ] [, default ]) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
LAST |
aggregate_function KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] ]... ) [ OVER query_partition_clause ] |
LAST_DAY |
LAST_DAY(date) |
LAST_VALUE |
LAST_VALUE(expr [ IGNORE NULLS ]) OVER (analytic_clause) |
LEAD |
LEAD(value_expr [, offset ] [, default ]) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
LEAST |
LEAST(expr [, expr ]...) |
LENGTH |
{ LENGTH | LENGTHB | LENGTHC | LENGTH2 | LENGTH4 } (char) |
LN |
LN(n) |
LNNVL |
LNNVL(condition) |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
LOCALTIMESTAMP [ (timestamp_precision) ] |
LOG |
LOG(m, n) |
LOWER |
LOWER(char) |
LPAD |
LPAD(expr1, n [, expr2 ]) |
LTRIM |
LTRIM(char [, set ]) |
MAKE_REF |
MAKE_REF({ table | view } , key [, key ]...) |
MAX |
MAX([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
MEDIAN |
MEDIAN(expr) [ OVER (query_partition_clause) ] |
MIN |
MIN([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
MOD |
MOD(m, n) |
MONTHS_BETWEEN |
MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1, date2) |
NANVL |
NANVL(m, n) |
NCHR |
NCHR(number) |
NEW_TIME |
NEW_TIME(date, timezone1, timezone2) |
NEXT_DAY |
NEXT_DAY(date, char) |
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN |
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN(byte_count, char_set_id) |
NLS_CHARSET_ID |
NLS_CHARSET_ID(text) |
NLS_CHARSET_NAME |
NLS_CHARSET_NAME(number) |
NLS_INITCAP |
NLS_INITCAP(char [, 'nlsparam' ]) |
NLS_LOWER |
NLS_LOWER(char [, 'nlsparam' ]) |
NLS_UPPER |
NLS_UPPER(char [, 'nlsparam' ]) |
NLSSORT |
NLSSORT(char [, 'nlsparam' ]) |
NTILE |
NTILE(expr) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
NULLIF |
NULLIF(expr1, expr2) |
NUMTODSINTERVAL |
NUMTODSINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit') |
NUMTOYMINTERVAL |
NUMTOYMINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit') |
NVL |
NVL(expr1, expr2) |
NVL2 |
NVL2(expr1, expr2, expr3) |
ORA_HASH |
ORA_HASH (expr [, max_bucket [, seed_value ] ]) |
PATH |
PATH (correlation_integer) |
PERCENT_RANK (aggregate) |
PERCENT_RANK(expr [, expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, expr [ DESC | ASC ] [NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] ]... ) |
PERCENT_RANK (analytic) |
PERCENT_RANK( ) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
PERCENTILE_CONT |
PERCENTILE_CONT(expr) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ]) [ OVER (query_partition_clause) ] |
PERCENTILE_DISC |
PERCENTILE_DISC(expr) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ]) [ OVER (query_partition_clause) ] |
POWER |
POWER(m, n) |
POWERMULTISET |
POWERMULTISET(expr) |
POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY |
POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY(expr, cardinality) |
PRESENTNNV |
PRESENTNNV(cell_reference, expr1, expr2) |
PRESENTV |
PRESENTV(cell_reference, expr1, expr2) |
PREVIOUS |
PREVIOUS(cell_reference) |
RANK (aggregate) |
RANK(expr [, expr ]...) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, expr [ DESC | ASC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] ]... ) |
RANK (analytic) |
RANK( ) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
RATIO_TO_REPORT |
RATIO_TO_REPORT(expr) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ]) |
RAWTOHEX |
RAWTOHEX(raw) |
RAWTONHEX |
RAWTONHEX(raw) |
REF |
REF (correlation_variable) |
REFTOHEX |
REFTOHEX (expr) |
REGEXP_INSTR |
REGEXP_INSTR (source_string, pattern [, position [, occurrence [, return_option [, match_parameter ] ] ] ] ) |
REGEXP_REPLACE |
REGEXP_REPLACE(source_string, pattern [, replace_string [, position [, occurrence [, match_parameter ] ] ] ] ) |
REGEXP_SUBSTR |
REGEXP_SUBSTR(source_string, pattern [, position [, occurrence [, match_parameter ] ] ] ) |
REGR_AVGX REGR_AVGY REGR_COUNT REGR_INTERCEPT REGR_R2 REGR_SLOPE REGR_SXX REGR_SXY REGR_SYY |
{ REGR_SLOPE | REGR_INTERCEPT | REGR_COUNT | REGR_R2 | REGR_AVGX | REGR_AVGY | REGR_SXX | REGR_SYY | REGR_SXY } (expr1 , expr2) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
REMAINDER |
REMAINDER(m, n) |
REPLACE |
REPLACE(char, search_string [, replacement_string ] ) |
ROUND (date) |
ROUND(date [, fmt ]) |
ROUND (number) |
ROUND(n [, integer ]) |
ROW_NUMBER |
ROW_NUMBER( ) OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause) |
ROWIDTOCHAR |
ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid) |
ROWIDTONCHAR |
ROWIDTONCHAR(rowid) |
RPAD |
RPAD(expr1 , n [, expr2 ]) |
RTRIM |
RTRIM(char [, set ]) |
SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP |
SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(number) |
SESSIONTIMEZONE |
SESSIONTIMEZONE |
SET |
SET (nested_table) |
SIGN |
SIGN(n) |
SIN |
SIN(n) |
SINH |
SINH(n) |
SOUNDEX |
SOUNDEX(char) |
SQRT |
SQRT(n) |
STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST |
STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST(expr1, expr2, p [, { TWO_SIDED_PROB | EXACT_PROB | ONE_SIDED_PROB_OR_MORE | ONE_SIDED_PROB_OR_LESS } ] ) |
STATS_CROSSTAB |
STATS_CROSSTAB(expr1, expr2 [, { CHISQ_OBS | CHISQ_SIG | CHISQ_DF | PHI_COEFFICIENT | CRAMERS_V | CONT_COEFFICIENT | COHENS_K } ] ) |
STATS_F_TEST |
STATS_F_TEST(expr1, expr2 [, { STATISTIC | DF_NUM | DF_DEN | ONE_SIDED_SIG | TWO_SIDED_SIG } ] ) |
STATS_KS_TEST |
STATS_KS_TEST(expr1, expr2 [, { STATISTIC | SIG } ] ) |
STATS_MODE |
STATS_MODE(expr) |
STATS_MW_TEST |
STATS_MW_TEST(expr1, expr2 [, { STATISTIC | U_STATISTIC | ONE_SIDED_SIG | TWO_SIDED_SIG } ] ) |
STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA |
STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA(expr1, expr2 [, { SUM_SQUARES_BETWEEN | SUM_SQUARES_WITHIN | DF_BETWEEN | DF_WITHIN | MEAN_SQUARES_BETWEEN | MEAN_SQUARES_WITHIN | F_RATIO | SIG } ] ) |
STATS_T_TEST_INDEP STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU STATS_T_TEST_ONE STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED |
{ STATS_T_TEST_INDEP | STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU | STATS_T_TEST_ONE | STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED } (expr1, expr2 [, { STATISTIC | DF | ONE_SIDED_SIG | TWO_SIDED_SIG } ] ) |
STATS_WSR_TEST |
STATS_WSR_TEST(expr1, expr2 [, { STATISTIC | ONE_SIDED_SIG | TWO_SIDED_SIG } ] ) |
STDDEV |
STDDEV([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
STDDEV_POP |
STDDEV_POP(expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
STDDEV_SAMP |
STDDEV_SAMP(expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
SUBSTR |
{ SUBSTR | SUBSTRB | SUBSTRC | SUBSTR2 | SUBSTR4 } (string, position [, substring_length ]) |
SUM |
SUM([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH |
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(column, char) |
SYS_CONTEXT |
SYS_CONTEXT('namespace', 'parameter' [, length ]) |
SYS_DBURIGEN |
SYS_DBURIGEN({ column | attribute } [ rowid ] [, { column | attribute } [ rowid ] ]... [, 'text ( )' ] ) |
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC |
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(datetime_with_timezone) |
SYS_GUID |
SYS_GUID( ) |
SYS_TYPEID |
SYS_TYPEID(object_type_value) |
SYS_XMLAGG |
SYS_XMLAGG(expr [, fmt ]) |
SYS_XMLGEN |
SYS_XMLGEN(expr [, fmt ]) |
SYSDATE |
SYSDATE |
SYSTIMESTAMP |
SYSTIMESTAMP |
TAN |
TAN(n) |
TANH |
TANH(n) |
TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN |
TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(timestamp) |
TO_BINARY_DOUBLE |
TO_BINARY_DOUBLE(expr [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_BINARY_FLOAT |
TO_BINARY_FLOAT(expr [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_CHAR (character) |
TO_CHAR(nchar | clob | nclob) |
TO_CHAR (datetime) |
TO_CHAR({ datetime | interval } [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_CHAR (number) |
TO_CHAR(n [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_CLOB |
TO_CLOB(lob_column | char) |
TO_DATE |
TO_DATE(char [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_DSINTERVAL |
TO_DSINTERVAL(char [ 'nlsparam' ]) |
TO_LOB |
TO_LOB(long_column) |
TO_MULTI_BYTE |
TO_MULTI_BYTE(char) |
TO_NCHAR (character) |
TO_NCHAR({char | clob | nclob} [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ] ) |
TO_NCHAR (datetime) |
TO_NCHAR({ datetime | interval } [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ] ) |
TO_NCHAR (number) |
TO_NCHAR(n [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_NCLOB |
TO_NCLOB(lob_column | char) |
TO_NUMBER |
TO_NUMBER(expr [, fmt [, 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_SINGLE_BYTE |
TO_SINGLE_BYTE(char) |
TO_TIMESTAMP |
TO_TIMESTAMP(char [, fmt [ 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ |
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(char [, fmt [ 'nlsparam' ] ]) |
TO_YMINTERVAL |
TO_YMINTERVAL(char) |
TRANSLATE |
TRANSLATE(expr, 'from_string', 'to_string') |
TRANSLATE ... USING |
TRANSLATE(text USING { CHAR_CS | NCHAR_CS }) |
TREAT |
TREAT(expr AS [ REF ] [ schema. ]type) |
TRIM |
TRIM([ { { LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH } [ trim_character ] | trim_character } FROM ] trim_source ) |
TRUNC (date) |
TRUNC(date [, fmt ]) |
TRUNC (number) |
TRUNC(n [, m ]) |
TZ_OFFSET |
TZ_OFFSET({ 'time_zone_name' | '{ + | - } hh : mi' | SESSIONTIMEZONE | DBTMEZONE } ) |
UID |
UID |
UNISTR |
UNISTR('string') |
UPDATEXML |
UPDATEXML(XMLType_instance, XPath_string, value_expr [, XPath_string, value_expr ] ... [, namespace_string ] ) |
UPPER |
UPPER(char) |
USER |
USER |
user-defined function |
[ schema. ] { [ package. ]function | user_defined_operator } [ @ dblink. ] [ ([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr [, expr ]...) ] |
USERENV |
USERENV('parameter') |
VALUE |
VALUE(correlation_variable) |
VAR_POP |
VAR_POP(expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
VAR_SAMP |
VAR_SAMP(expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
VARIANCE |
VARIANCE([ DISTINCT | ALL ] expr) [ OVER (analytic_clause) ] |
VSIZE |
VSIZE(expr) |
WIDTH_BUCKET |
WIDTH_BUCKET (expr, min_value, max_value, num_buckets) |
XMLAGG |
XMLAGG(XMLType_instance [ order_by_clause ]) |
XMLCOLATTVAL |
XMLCOLATTVAL(value_expr [ AS c_alias ] [, value_expr [ AS c_alias ]... ) |
XMLCONCAT |
XMLCONCAT(XMLType_instance [, XMLType_instance ]...) |
XMLELEMENT |
XMLELEMENT ( [ NAME ] identifier [, XML_attributes_clause ] [, value_expr [, value_expr ]... ] ) |
XMLFOREST |
XMLFOREST(value_expr [ AS c_alias ] [, value_expr [ AS c_alias ]... ] ) |
XMLSEQUENCE |
XMLSEQUENCE( XMLType_instance | sys_refcursor_instance [, fmt ] ) |
XMLTRANSFORM |
XMLTRANSFORM(XMLType_instance, XMLType_instance) |